Answer Key:
1. Substitution: "James" is a substitute word for the noun phrase "James prefers watching movies."
2. Ellipsis: The second occurrence of "mouse" is omitted since it can be easily inferred from the context.
3. Substitution: "One of them" is a substitute phrase for a previously mentioned noun phrase.
4. Substitution: "The service" is a substitute phrase for a previously mentioned noun phrase.
5. Substitution: "Her sister" is a substitute phrase for a previously mentioned noun phrase.
6. Ellipsis: The omitted word is "store".
7. Ellipsis: The omitted word is "barked loudly".
8. Substitution: "The performers" is a substitute phrase for a previously mentioned noun phrase.
9. Substitution: "Them" is a substitute word for the noun phrase "the student."
10. Substitution: "Them" is a substitute word for the noun phrase "new tires."
MCQs Answers
Sure, here are the answers:
1. a. Substitution
2. b. Ellipsis
3. a. Substitution
4. b. John went to the store and he bought some bread.
5. d. John ate an apple, and Mary ate a pear.
6. d. Making the text more efficient
7. d. Increasing the length of the text
8. d. All of the above
9. a. John went to the store and he bought some bread. He also picked up some milk.
10. b. The cat sat on the mat. It was a comfortable spot. The dog lay on the rug.
11. a. John went to the store and that's where he bought some bread.
12. a. John ate an apple, and Mary a pear.
13. d. Increasing redundancy
14. d. Increasing redundancy
15. d. Making the text more complex
16. b. Making the text difficult to understand
17. a. In formal writing
18. b. When the noun phrase is the main focus of the sentence
19. d. All of the above
20. a. A verb
Fill in the blanks Answers
1. Substitution
2. Ellipsis
3. single sentence
4. substitution
5. a pear
6. repetition
7. redundancy
8. subject
9. noun
10. easily recovered
11. coherence
12. reference
13. coherence
14. difficult
15. formal
16. main
17. substitution
18. verb
19. repetition
20. discourse
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