The Process of Conducting Research Using Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches

Educational Research

Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research

John W. Creswell University of Nebraska–Lincoln  

Published: 2012

Part: I

Summarised by: Amna Ejaz

                                 BS English

                                 Lahore Garrison University, Pakistan

Summary points of Chapter No: 1

An Introduction to Educational Research

The Process of Conducting Research Using Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches:

Data analysis is important in research because it makes studying data a lot simpler and more accurate. It helps the researchers straightforwardly interpret the data so that researchers don't leave anything out that could help them derive insights from it. Data analysis is the process of uncovering patterns and trends in the data. Data interpretation is the process of assigning meaning to the data. It involves explaining those discovered patterns and trends in the data. Data Analysis uses analytical and logical reasoning to find useful information from the data. The main purpose of data analysis is to understand the data and gain useful information so that the derived knowledge can help in decision making. Data collection is the systematic recording of information; data analysis involves working to uncover patterns and trends in datasets; data interpretation involves explaining those patterns and trends.

The process of evaluation research consisting of data analysis and reporting is a rigorous, systematic process that involves collecting data about organizations, processes, projects, services, and/or resources. Evaluation research enhances knowledge and decision-making, and leads to practical applications. Statement of the research problem, the aims of the paper, and the significance of the research. Explanation of scope of the study. Use of a research methodology appropriate to the task. Analysis of the research sources used to address the research problem. Research evaluation is the process in which the purpose of research, the methodology used, and methods, such as data collection and analysis, are rated to ascertain their relevance, value, and their ability to achieve research objectives and to ascertain the significance of research. An evaluation report is a paper that examines whether a product, service, or process is working, according to a set of standards. It includes an introduction, background information, criteria, evaluation, conclusions, and recommendation.

The characteristics of quantitative research methods are enumerated in the following list

• Contain Measurable Variables.
• Use Standardized Research Instruments.
• Assume a Normal Population Distribution.
• Present Data in Tables, Graphs, or Figures.
• Use Repeatable Method.
• Can Predict Outcomes.
• Use Measuring Devices.

Most forms of qualitative research have the following main features:

 

• a focus on natural settings interest in meanings, perspectives, and understandings;

• an emphasis on process;

• a concern with inductive analysis and grounded theory.

Let us consider each of these in turn. Quantitative research deals with numbers and statistics, while qualitative research deals with words and meanings. Quantitative methods allow you to systematically measure variables and test hypotheses. Qualitative methods allow you to explore concepts and experiences in more detail.